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Chinese military rank

About
history of the PLA rank
before the founding of the PRC, the PLA has proposed the implementation of the two rank system, but due to time constraints of the environment, none of the two developed system of military ranks can be implemented.

after the founding, in order to strengthen our military standardization and modernization, the implementation of the system's problem is to re-rank high on the agenda. The winter of 1952, proceeded to the rank of system problems. November 26, 1952, the Ministry of the total cadres to Chairman Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission of the reports on the preparations for the implementation of the rank system problems, formulate a preliminary plan. Formally introduced in 1955, military rank system. The rank level set in the traditional Chinese hierarchy based on rank, with reference to the former Soviet Union, North Korea and other countries and set the rank of the system.

first officers and other ranks for 4 level 14, the People's Republic generalissimo, People's Republic of Marshal (Marshal actually not granted); generals, General, Lieutenant General, Major General; Colonel, colonel, lieutenant colonel, major; captain, captain, lieutenant, second lieutenant, and then increase the Warrant Officer level. 4 officers and other ranks for a total of 15. September 27, 1955, twenty-second session of the NPC Standing Committee adopted a resolution granting the rank of Marshal of the PRC.

1965 年 5 22, the ninth meeting of the Third National People's Congress adopted a .

1984 年 5 of 31 January the Sixth National People's Congress adopted the second meeting of the June 1985, held an enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission, July 1, 1988, the second meeting of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the Soldiers rank system at the same time legislation.

the rank of the new system announced no marshal, general, captain and warrant officer, and to the highest level will rank. With 3 other officers of the rank of 11, that a General, General, Lieutenant General, Major General; senior colonel, colonel, lieutenant colonel, major; captain, lieutenant and second lieutenant. Navy, Air Force officers were in the front rank as a Professional and technical officers, in the front rank as a CMC leader Deng Xiaoping, Yang Shangkun offered themselves from the ranks, therefore, one will be vacant.

1993 年 10 月 1, the soldiers are divided into ranks by rating: non-commissioned officers are divided into: a professional non-commissioned officer. Two professional non-commissioned officer, three professional NCOs, four professional Sgt. Sergeant divided into: a Master Sergeant, Master Sergeant II, III Sergeant, four Master Sergeant. Sergeant divided; Sergeant, Sergeant, Corporal; soldiers into; corporal, Pvt.

1994 年 5 12, the Eighth NPC Standing Committee adopted the seventh meeting on revising the The revised regulations rank with 3 other 10, the General, Lieutenant General, Major General; senior colonel, colonel, lieutenant colonel, major; captain, lieutenant and second lieutenant.

1995 年 9 on 10, the Eighth NPC Standing Committee passed the senior colonel, colonel, lieutenant colonel, major; captain, lieutenant and second lieutenant.

1999 abolition of a professional sergeant, sergeant, sergeant rank to a non-commissioned officers, two non-commissioned officers, three noncommissioned officers, four non-commissioned officers, five non-commissioned officers, six noncommissioned officers.

Another year reunion dinner

Please God, worship , prayer days , thanks to , Bai Zuxian , but also a year of New Year's Eve , another year reunion dinner .
had a very ordinary life one night , because they had been given a New Year 's content, but it is particularly grave.
firecrackers ten meters long , it is to force ah ^_^
The process was very discharge spent a lot of brains , but also to enjoy the thunder and lightning that caused long-lasting fever of feeling.
dies lapse of years, would also be conducted as the long fireworks , a dazzling burst of sparks .

busy parents looking for a dinner , enjoying the family to sit and chat in the warm group feeling
Once again, I clearly feel the significance of his efforts
tomorrow is a new sun
tomorrow , but also a new beginning
tomorrow, I still was the tireless little fool
tomorrow, I still do not know or that retreat Lengtou Qing
the new year , there are many things for me, there are many Kaner need to cross
the new year , with each day 's efforts, to pay each time , patience and perseverance with sincerity , to write a brand new year!

This is the truth

alumni rescue drowned on the fact ... ...
This is reproduced from students at the scene of a message, I can not help but burst into tears ... ...
two o'clock in the afternoon, in the Shashi District, Jingzhou City, two twelve year-old man drowned river, when a dozen freshmen see the potential to form a human ladder into the water to save people, which there can not swim and female students, when the second child to save ashore quickly, due to exhaustion and the undercurrent of a ladder with scattered, nine students involved, and suddenly a cry to save, just run into a few winter swimming team Sixty-year-old rescued to six students, three other college students drowning, near drowning, there are two fish in the boat, the ship but no one there to save people, the fire brigade was the first to the scene, but said do not have diving suits, and other rescue equipment to fishing in the river for a while (news footage) to go back to the land, by several students stop crying next to re-water fishing to the river bank waiting to see who is not the meaning of the Marine Board The boat went under the left, leading the school to the scene two hours later, and the two just mentioned, the owner of fishing vessels to discuss the cost of fishing a body of twelve thousand corpses all the boat owners and people get started into the water fishing, when the body picked up the first time, the audience crying one, then picked up the location of the body less than three meters away from the boat, then as long as the people on board rescued the slurry can be lost in the past, I looked at my heart a pain in the side , while the body up doctor also get to save the illusion of oxygen, (news footage) then all three came from the hours of the incident, when students picked up a second body, the vessel's owner to stop actions that twenty-four thousand money is not in place, refused to search for the bodies, next to the sound of a condemnation. kneel before the last teachers to eleven thousand dead bodies all transactions, to six in the third before both salvaged body, up to now, the rescued two kids are playing missing and can not find the person, and these news Maritime Bureau said it was fire and search for the bodies up, and when you read all I said you might not believe, but a closer look at news footage you can see five or six fire walk in diving, the Marine Bureau of the film are not seen, the state support they are doing, search for the bodies is their own responsibility, but the go-vern-ment no one came out to do, I guarantee I say personality are true, too chilling, and I really read on go-vern-ment, parents and children fishing boss.
they had not died, then there is fishing boat sideways, knees crying and ask those students go on to save fishermen, several fishermen indifferent , is said to often drowning death where there is a local salvage team recovered a body of 12,000, is generally neglecting it! That is getting money ah!
silence, only silence.


If you see this article, please reprint
we are all grown up to help students, and the text may be had at the expense of the three heroes and my classmates and I now pass
They never left the
but can not close their eyes without any media
these facts help us to rely on our power to spread the students grew up we just want more people
But we know the power of truth
too weak if you reproduced the
, I might not give you any money or material grateful Q
we will not curse people will not reproduce how how This is what we all want to see
but when you reprint, our students will grow up in every thank you!
Please,

Minor brother , super can be , cool!

Acridine minor brother ! , Super can be , cool !
awesomeness ,,,,












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To love and to be love is the greatest happiness of existence

Each girl has their own guardian angel , he is your past life lover. Life come to you , shelter you with angel wings , with endless is really to protect you. So, when you want to ask why not to love ? That is your guardian angel in carefully selected for you , he wants to know the world was more than he loves you, will release a pair of wings for your shelter , let you in from the happiness he gave to a more sweet Happiness.

Do not a lover, what we do

People live this life, would have met many people, in reality, there are non-reality. But often only a few special people, and you will forget the difficult life. In just a few people, he (she) may be your lover, your confidant, your friend most of iron most difficult to let go ... ... is probably the most painful yet been made to make you pull your soul man dreams around it.
This person may be you inadvertently encounters, you do not deliberately prepared in time, perhaps because of a very special name, a very good chess go, Hu a high number of fan mahjong. Since then, QQ, with their name, chat records the number of pages is also fast growing. With each other's phone later, and then later ... ...
him and she is such a simple meet together. He taste of her kindness and wit, her appreciation of his outstanding and tenacious.
Now, she can listen to the story of the man he was. Sad sad time in his will with her warm hands gently hold his tearful face told him that a man should be strong, in his setbacks heart will fall apart in my arms told him his life there will be the bright side. When he was jumping in joy like a child, she would accompany him happy. Of course, she also needs his strong shoulders, broad big hands. She would also like to hear from his gossip exhort, warm comfort, always worried about. Even how far apart, even if it's just not that practical significance of the language, it is not important. Also at this time, all this had already become a kind of spiritual understanding, not to say a word. They looked at the same time, the midnight sky, and looking at the bright moon and think of each other, think of each other to bring their own happiness, think of each other's sincerity and dedication, I think of sitting in a rocking chair on the happiness of growing old together ... ...
But the reality is cruel sometimes. Such feelings are not bound to the two curves intersect, can only be a superior alternative between love and friendship feelings. When love come to this step, when the fantasy has all the suffering will become a kind of Acacia, love and reality in the intellectual struggle between the non-stop. Every day will be a day of difficult choices.
He tried to forget her, she no longer to bear the heavy emotional torment, but also give yourself a free space. She faced the sea, would like to ask the sea to go to the answer, but also try to dissolve their dull marriage. But they still can not escape the harsh reality of torture.
Finally, when two people are exhausted, the final choice is up.
quietly adjusting each other's feelings, be careful to ask each other, do not love what we do?
He said: He said:
He said:
He said: I can not resist and my other half when one sleeps with do not want you.
together for a lifetime of happiness with each other, with each other and remembered that, in pain, hatred away from each other's sight, always looking for less than the other, may be one of the best relief.
She was stunned, he cry. can not imagine the last to give the other party turned out to be such an outcome. but they understand that only so choose, we can retain the other's share of goodness and purity, it will not hurt more people.
Since then, they disappeared without mutual blessing, so quietly disappeared into the vast sea of ​​faces.
two weak shoulders to withstand the alternative of love.
love life so unbearable Heavy!

Life of one of the most important day

; 2010 2 ; 22
2010年2 22, I climbed the ladder of new life , my mother made ​​`` `` ``````````
as in her dream and embark on the operating table at the right time really to fear , no sense of a mother 's joy , just fill our minds thinking about how my doctors surgery, lying Surgical bed , the doctor pulled into the operating room , that sense of panic , their helpless tears , playing the local anesthetic after the doctors started working , when I suddenly heard the faint heavy wah-wah cries , ha ha to the surgery the doctor When the edge has to do with the baby in a mouthful of water and cried hand I feel kind of speechless , suddenly I had difficulty breathing , the doctor turned the baby from the belly lire , in a few minutes After the baby appeared in my eyes , my God , I really do not feel that the nurse a baby boy in her arms , small penis Alice Lao Gao , ha ha ha ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Oh my son ! Can not say excited, I did my mother , and this is my life with the new transfer station , good to hurt him love him, my baby , a model husband and I , together with his life to care for our well-being warm, The envy of the home.

Football and personality

A group of people from different places come together because of football, because football and established a deep friendship, the same is because they have found a happy football. After all, they all have a common characteristic, is the love of the game!!
Luckily, I was one of them.
blink of an eye, the years passed, Wong added that piece of grass (rain can call ponds) and how much football left to fight and we are excited heroic, but also It is this court, brought us how many sleepless nights after the game. because of football, we have established a friendship, but also because of football, give us the opportunity to understand others.
each person has his style of play, features, and the court style of play is a true portrayal of his personality: Zhong Bo, technology amazing realistic fake, with that measure He also looks handsome with young women often have captivated fans; birds Jie, fast, Chung Kai's Ryan Giggs, shooting skill unmatched the world, close the mouths fatal. peacetime he spoke never clear-cut, and his curse technology Shooting less the same, point to close the mouths vital, and must unflinchingly; Assen, dribbling effort well, play ball master ZHONGKAI nobody can match, but excruciatingly slow, the game likes to trample on the ball for contemplation, when he wants the ball is also a good time disappeared. life, he often hesitated, both big and small bad and the good, the total can not decide, go a long way to where I go where the people, the people Xingsha I the means to follow Xingsha. Wei Bin, game poorly, usually when playing strong, weak competition, every game is always tight, causing play to disorder, the person usually lives may be low-key, deliberately concealed strength, not somewhere, The real reason to know. A Church, also known as the king of step Q, by definition, has a habit of riding a Q syndrome, and his step to consummate Q technology has been the point, the most painful , he's riding with the unpredictable nature of Q, no one can predict when he will step Q when his opponent a beautiful assists. Usually he is very casual life style, pulling messy messy, is a typical do not care who ideas are often confusing. But this man was this other tree with his style of a grid, with a beautiful conquered mm, is striking; Ding, our patron saint, the main basketball team, seek out the dark since he abandoned playing soccer after the change can be brought into full play, with the heroic courage of style and unafraid of death, as the other insurmountable barriers. peacetime, is authoritative, he spoke with who but myself domineering, always the leader of the crowd. Finally, the big appearance. (read and write articles should I put him in the final) birds Yin, who claimed the best defender Zhongkai our Dinghaishenzhen, play aggressive and out of feet decisively, with man guards the pass to open the momentum million Fumo, but unresponsive turn (the legend is too much meat causes the body to the waist wriggling falling too much friction.) life he was not playing so decisive, in particular, face of emotional problems, secluded soft indecisive, there love is not expressed. feelings outside, who is relatively unconstrained, diligence and decisive, strong communication skills, a wide circle of friends, but I suspect there are many men and women of ambiguous relations, to be confirmation. In addition, this person or the provision of wine suitable candidates. As I Well, hee hee, we all know, I do not pull this one's incompetence.
this purely personal point of view, if not match, please forgive me.

I am nature 's greatest miracle

I am nature's greatest miracle.
since God created the heavens and the earth there has been no one like me, my mind, heart, eyes, ears, hands, hair, my mouth. I have exactly the same behaviors and who have not previously, does not, there will be no future. While the men are brothers, but different from each. I am a unique creature.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I can not as easily satisfied as the animal, my heart burns a flame, it inspired me to go beyond myself, I will cause the flame of a more prosperous group, announced to the world my uniqueness.
no one can imitate my handwriting, my trademark, my work, my ability to sell. From now on, I make the full development of his personality, because this is a big success I capital.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I'm not vain to imitate others, and to show their personality. I not only want to promote it, the market place. I want to learn to the same differences, stressed that he distinguishes, avoiding continuity common to all people, and apply this principle to the goods. Salesman and goods, different from all others, I am proud of it.
I am a unique miracle.
rare. Teli me alone, and thus worth a hundred times. I am the end product of thousands of years of evolution, the mind and body than all the emperors and wise men.
However, my art, my mind, my soul, my body, if not put to good use, as time will stagnate, rot, or even death. I have endless potential, mental, physical little development, can more than any previous achievement. Starting today, I'm going to develop potential.
I will not be complacent because of the results yesterday, is no longer negligible performance boast. I can do better than has been completed. I like the miracle of birth is not the final, why they can not do another miracle?
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I am not on this earth. I am here for a mountain, not worthless. From now on, I want to make every effort to become the peaks of the amount will be my potential to the maximum.
my knowledge of mankind, myself, and the goods, so as to multiply sales. I have to weigh every word, repeated scrutiny when the language used to sell, because it is the key to a successful career. I will not forget that many successful businessmen, with only one rhetoric, delivered with excellence. I also continue to improve their manners and grace, because it is the virtue to attract others.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I will concentrate my challenge of the moment, my actions will make me forget everything, let the family now faces. Are in shopping malls, not love at home, otherwise it will make my thoughts mixed blunt. On the other hand, when my family and with the Department, we must have to work at the door, otherwise the family would feel left out.
no one belonging to the family shopping place, and similarly, did not talk about business at home where the two must be completely separate, otherwise you will trade-off, it is difficult to get out of the misunderstanding that many people .
I am nature's greatest miracle.
I have eyes to see; my mind to think. Now I know a great secret of life. I found all my problems, depression, sadness, are great opportunities in disguise. I will not be deceived by their appearance, I have opened my eyes, see through their disguise.
I am nature's greatest miracle.
animals and birds, flowers and trees, wind and rain rocks, rivers and lakes, are not the origin like me, I conceived in love, a mission for us. In the past I ignored the fact that, from now on, it will shape my character, and guide my life.
I am nature's greatest miracle
nature knows not defeat, the victor finally appears, so will I, because success once struggle becomes less difficult.
I will win, I will become a great salesman, because I am unique.
I am nature's greatest miracle.

KOYO KOYO SN series PLC communication with Danfoss DANFOSS example of the drive

occasions in the industrial automation, programmable logic controller and drive more and more widely, the traditional control method is generally used PLC's digital input and output terminals to drive the input and output terminals, PLC analog input and output point control inverter analog input and output, this approach is actually taking up valuable PLC input and output points, in particular, analog interface, the fee is costly (PLC output point 30-50 dollars / points, analog output 300 -500 yuan / Road). With the development of PLC and inverter, in particular, the expansion of communications capacity, the drive comes with the current general communication interface 485, while the PLC communication function has also been considerable development, so consider using PLC and inverter directly through communication connected, should be a more economical method. The question is: a large number of drive manufacturers, due to technical and market reasons, the communication protocol varied, poor compatibility with each other. For this situation, Japan's Koyo Electronics (KOYO) with The so-called absence of agreement, which is free agreement, the agreement of the format defined by the user, so users can organize data protocol format the drive to realize the communication with the drive. SN series Koyo Electronics PLC, is a small integrated scalable PLC, a powerful communication features, the basic configuration has two communication interfaces (one RS232, one RS485), in addition to support communication without protocol, but also supports MODBUS protocol, CCM agreement, K agreement. This paper introduces the non-protocol communications.

SN Communication Function:
SN series PLC communication ports with 2 body, one for RS-232C port, and the other for the RS485 port can be used with a variety of equipment with a serial port communication.
communication functions of the communications port as follows:
Port0 (programming port):
communication: RS-232C
communication speed: 300bps ~ 38.4Kbps
connection: 6 pin telephone jack
support agreement: K protocol (S), no agreement (M / S), CCM2 (S)
transmission distance: hand-held programmer (9600bps, 38400bps) 1.5m or less
DirectSOFT (9600bps) 5m or less
no agreement, CCM (9600bps) 15m or less
Port1 (Universal communication port):
communication: RS-485
communication speed: 300bps ~ 38.4Kbps
connection: 3P Terminal
support agreement: CCM2 (M / S), CCM3 (M / S), no agreement (M / S), K protocol (S)
transmission distance: 9600bps and a maximum 1km
(19200bps or more, the maximum 500m)
no agreement that:
communication protocol to be no need to set the parameters of the following table:

setting item

initial settings

, range

protocol

no protocol communication

-

communication

X-ON/X-OFF Invalid RTS signal control is invalid

X-ON/X-OFF invalid / valid RTS signal control ineffective / effective

communication speed

9600bps

300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/38400bps

data bit

8bit

7bit/8bit

START-digit

1bit

fixed

STOP bits

1bit

1bit/2bit

parity

no parity

odd (ODD) / even (EVEN) / No (NONE)

end time set by the letter

3 character time

3 character time

RTS ON Delay

0ms

0/2/5/10/20/50/100/500ms

RTS OFF Delay

0ms

0/2/5/10/20/50/100/500ms



PORT0 register number

PORT1 register number

function

data

R7640

R7650

finished code is stored settings

A55A (H): Fixed

R7641

R7651

data format

data length, stop bit length, parity

R7642

R7652

transceiver mode settings

A type, B type, variable-format

R7643

R7653

end of the code set

prepared to receive over code, for example: CR (0DH)

R7644

R7654

prepared to receive the data storage register

register number (binary)

R7645

R7655

protocol settings

K protocol / CCM / MODBUS / no agreement

R7646

R7656

communication speed, response delay time

300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/38400bps

R7657

set over code

set over code 0050/00A0/00E0 (PORT0) 0500/0A00/0E00 (PORT1)

Set the following parameters register:
reference to the specific parameters set Koyo Electronics (Wuxi) Co., Ltd.
communication routines:
following procedure for the SN series PLC and drive communication DANFOSS example
PLC 05
ISG S0 / / initial level: Set the communication parameters
LD SP0
LDS K10
OUTW R7655 / / select no agreement
LDS K55
OUTW R7656 / / set the baud rate to 9600, the response delay 50mS
LDS K500
OUTW R7657 / / set the end code
LDS K6
OUTW R7651 / / select the data format for the 8,1, EVEN
LDS K70
OUTW R7652 / / transceiver mode: Variable format
LDS K0
OUTW R7653 / / end of code: D? 0 & D
LDR O4000
OUTW R7654 / / receive data starting register: R4000
LDS Ka55a
OUTW R7650 / / set the finished code
LDS K0
OUTW R4000 ; / / Clear receive data register
JMP S1
SG S1 / / write the data-level operating frequency to send
LDN SP116
LDC Ke0020e02 / / Inverter Board number: 2
OUTD R2000 / / inverter parameter No.: 215
LDC Kd7
OUTD R2002
LDW R3000 / / R3000 deposit register write operation frequency
ANDC Kff00
OUTW R2004
LDW R3000
ANDC Kff
OUTW R2005
LDS K0
OUTW R2006
LDW R2000 / / calculated checksum
XORW R2001
XORW R2002
XORW R2003
XORW R2004
XORW R2005
XORW R2006
OUTW R2030
LDW R2030
ANDC Kff
OUTW R2031
LDW R2030
ANDC Kff00
SHFR K8
OUTW R2032
LDW R2031
XORW R2032
ANDC Kff
SHFL K8
OUTW R2007 / / checksum storage register
LDS Kf101 / / use PORT1 communication port to send
LDS K16 / / send 16 bytes of data
LDR O2000 / / data to be transmitted starting register for the R2000
WX TA0 / / send data
JMP S11
SG S11 / / data reception class
LDEQ R4000 K80 / / receive data, such as the right to carry out data processing
LDW R4006
ANDC Kff00
OUTW R4030
LDW R4007
ANDC Kff
ORW R4030
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SHFR K8
OUTW R2032
LDW R2031
XORW R2032
ANDC Kff
SHFL K8
OUTW R2007
LDS Kf101 / / send data using RPORT1
LDS K16 / / send the bytes as 16
LDR O2000 / / send the starting register for the R2000
WX TA0 / / send data
JMP S12 / / transfer data reception
SG S12
LDEQ R4000 K80
ANDEQ R4001 K10 / / receives the correct data, data processing
LDW R4006
ANDC Kff00
OUTW R4030
LDW R4007
ANDC Kff
ORW R4030
OUTW R3202 / / read out the current operating frequency of storage registers R3202
LDS K0
OUTW R4000
JMP S1
LD SP1
TMR T1 K4 / / Delay 400mS
LD T1
LDNEQ R4000 K80
ANDNEQ R4001 K0
ORLD
LDS K0
OUTW R4000 / / If you can not receive data correctly, the next communication
JMP S1
END / / end of the process
NOP
application:
programming ideas based on the above method, just change the drive to send the program parameter address, you can control other parameters of the drive (inverter parameters can be changed through communication.) Jump slightly modified procedure, you can control multiple parameters. When using more than one drive, just the drive is set to a different mailing address on it. This method has been drawing machinery, textile machinery (dyeing and finishing equipment, sizing machine) and other equipment has been applied not only to save the PLC analog module, but also solve the analog input channels drive limit, not both changes in multiple parameters of the problem, cost is obvious. Note that, PLC and inverter need to use shielded twisted-pair connections, and reliable ground to address the electrical interference may cause communication failure.
Reference:
SN Series User Manual
DANFOSS VLT5000 Series User Manual
DANFOSS Communications Handbook

Rare cars coming out on the streets

surrogate baby Ali network www.albaobao.com


world were group : 19944767
www.gtcar.net welcome to join the Friends welcomed the good body shot , and more overseas people to join, welcome friends to join.

Will try to drive in

never know who brought the game space . test you will not cause a traffic jam in the garage . . . ^ _ ^

There is such a person ... ...

 There is such a man, unknown to cast aside by the manager his wife and unborn baby ;
such a woman, With the baby , looking forward to his back, to be a responsible man ;
have such a Man, willing to accept this woman and her calf .
woman was moved, want to marry this man .
But when the man held her arms tightly , she had him open.
man said , he does not mind her past , will the baby be treated as their own children .
woman said she mind. mind own another man 's woman ,
her heart forever Faith is life only to a man .
she did not want to go against their beliefs .
and she can not do .
life she left that are willing to take care of her and his children .
determined to With their ability to raise large baby ,
let him become a responsible person .
which she is now in the future will never change and is the only hope for children .

I am invisible , has been watching you

 I look at you on the line, offline, I do not know what I should do something, I do not know what I can do, I know I'm silly, but still journeying, looking at you, a little bewildered, a little help but, a bit dazed.
I hope you invisible on the Internet, I did not find talking to you, but secretly looking at you. Whether the stars twinkling at night, or early morning sun has just risen, and I hope you steal the Internet. Whether it is hot like fire in the summer or the cold frost of winter, I hope you steal the Internet. No other idea, just want to have to, give up, quietly looking at you.
I do not understand that one of you, why I like so much, I have thought about do not care about you, but I have been almost blind worship you, through your network, I seem to see to your eyes long, shallow smile for me.
along, I long to I have to tell you, the most realistic to talk to you, but I dare not, I'm afraid you'll think I'm cheating on you.
along, I long to I have to tell you, the most pleasant to talk to you, but I dare not, I'm afraid you would think I flatter you.
along, I read from your side eager to appear, the most casual, but I dare not, I'm afraid you will notice my cowardice.
along, I desire to make you feel my presence, the most broke, but I dare not, you ignore the fear that they will encounter.
me through the network, you can clear from the leisurely, looking at you, that makes me feel so comfortable, so gentle. I looked at you that fill in the information, which can meet the little bit I understand your desire. I can understand your feelings, know your feelings now, you laugh, I laugh with you, hearty laughter resounded through the earth; you cry, I'll cry with you, tears welling up in the eyes. Your happy day, I also glad the days you are bored, I am equally bored. Every night, I secretly look at you in there, you do not know.
I can read you, you are so rich, so confident, full of abundance of vitality, sometimes, I can see the warmth pouring your heart and kind, sometimes, I can guess you faint spring breeze cooling off the back, sometimes I can feel your touch of melancholy and gloomy, sometimes ......
I look at you, stealth silence. I do not know when this day is a head, but I know that you are happy, your happiness, that is my happiness.

Aquarius personality

 Strong personality, with special talents, ambitious, always striving for perfection, very friendly with family and friends, there may be a considerable inheritance, there will be electronic, the success of modern science. Constellation class ranked third:

Aquarius: Thinking weird, very people can and, unusual cool, eccentric unique, uncertain. Will also more tenacious, who is a good choice as a major event, an extremely attractive alien constellations. Representation of the god: the Jade Emperor of Chinese Taoism [first month of the lunar calendar birthday ninth day]

Aquarius male inner world is very complex and difficult to understand. He gives the appearance is simple and straightforward, but the inherent paradoxes and contradictions of psychological always wandering in the realm. Generally speaking, his passion for people willing to help people. However, in some special circumstances, he would show unusually cold and impersonal.

both his personality, and glamorous, this is to make his loved ones who look the waves. He would not act according to rules and regulations, also can not bear any constraints.

fact, he is more like friendship, not love, because love will interfere with his metaphysical contemplation: Who am I? I come from? I go? But he also mad potential to put into the embrace of love, or to all idealistic.

the impact of the Saturn, Aquarius male character more cold, lonely, full of philosophical thought. If Uranus and influential, then make it one of the men became very funny, like with people, full of curiosity to all new things.

Aquarius men around the age of 40, it was always destined to appear inevitable in life. He will change his life, abandoned in the past, toward a new future.

and birthday horoscope Leo woman will fall in love, they have a strong desire, the same talented people.

Gemini live in harmony with his female partner, she will cause from the spirit and continue to give him the inspiration.

tranquility amongst women and charming Libra, give the power of his art.

★ ★
curious merits, independent, love, friendly, loyal, reliable, creative, visionary, wise thinking of new, sharp mind, good observation, full of the spirit of reform.


★ ★
personality shortcomings weird, too persistent, unconventional, easy to exaggerate the problems, stubborn, rigid, without being flexible, too idealistic, stubborn, radical, rebellion, alienation.

Zhao quote

 Get rid of the panda, I'm David!
2, do not talk to me about ideal, quit!
3, fell, got up and cry ~ ~ ~
4, low-key! B is the most cattle to show off! !
5, how can effort to lose weight do not eat ah?
6, I am sorry, you cheap laugh.
7, I can resist everything but temptation ... ...
8, I only have a car, or own the ... ...
9, point the smoke, smoked is lonely ... ...
10 not you do not laugh, smile powder to fall!
11, were not smart, but also learn from others bald.
12, tied my heart could not say that I do not bother!
13, and then cattle b of Chopin, but also the sadness I could not bombs!
14, alive, happy point, because we die a long time.
15, since you do not speak English in front of me was, OK?
16, my people never hold a grudge, grudges against the spot I usually overstated.
17, little things do not look for me, and something not to find me!
18, even believe are hidden in the middle of a lie!
19, I'm so fond of you, you will not die like my look?
20, I'm not the RMB, how to make everyone like me?
21, the words of a man just like the old lady's teeth, how much is true? !
22, Q: Do you like my point? A: I like you away from me!
23, your hand, know the Zaichou, burst into tears, the child does not take me away.
24, Zhuge Liang before coming out, did not bring a soldier! Why the hell I'm going to experience?
25, cherish the life - God has let you live, you certainly have his arrangements.
26, Lei Feng did not go down good, but Everything Diary inside.
27, Shi Tai, you are my heart's magic, Pinseng away from you the closer to the farther away from the Buddha ... ...
28, junior high school physical education teacher, said: Who dares to wear the dress to my class, inverted to fine her.
29, you see me hit the words on the screen, but can not see my tears fell on the keyboard!
30, 45 ° looking up to others of their choice, to 135 ° looking down Xiuguai others see you.
31, if you see the shadow in front, do not be afraid, it is because the sun behind you!
32, I allow you into my world, but never allow you to walk around my world.
33, who never know who told you what time inadvertently said goodbye never really gone after.
34, for a minute how long? It depends on what you are squatting on the toilet inside or outside in the toilet, etc. ... ...
35, love to speak up, because you never know, tomorrow, and accidents, which will be first!
36, Story of the Stone tells us: those who truly love the last all gone, all the final mix are reunited.
37, you never see my lonely, because when you do not see that I am most lonely!
38, such as feelings of aftershocks, like the other girls love lover, feared and he does not come, afraid that he recklessly.
39, heard a woman such as clothing, brothers, brotherhood, in retrospect, I actually busy divvying up to twenty years streaker!
40, a bad mood today, I have only four sentences say, including this and the previous two sentences, I finished saying!
41, the iron rice bowl is not the true meaning of life in a place to eat rice, but a life where all food to eat.
42, even if is bull feces, but also met the day beetles. So you need not to worry about today, there are too many of their own.
43, if in a million, I would buy a house rented out to another 30 every day to collect a rent. Kaka ~ ~ full wow!
44, the horse may not be the prince, it may be monk; with angel wings are not necessarily, and sometimes a bird person.
45, The upper half of it from
46, a few decades, we have to meet, to the crematorium, all the burning ash, you pile a bunch I do not know anyone who do all the fertilizer to the rural areas.
47,2008 too normal, all is not normal! At this critical moment, the Chinese soccer team to come forward and prove to the world: Chinese soccer team is still normal!
48, my dad said to me the most moving words: Hard to do is dried bean curd, soybean curd to do is dilute, so thin is the bean curd skin, so no more is the milk, put out a stinky smell! Guaranteed profits, no loss it!

September 12 in Europe in Paris the Seine, the Louvre , etc.

 Behind Notre Dame in Paris to Zhang




near point the amount we take a cruise , people with a lot of

and her husband to a Photo , this is our favorite couple coats

cute little boy and his sister

back , this can be used as a cell phone screen , wow haha

the Eiffel Tower, the Angle shot her husband , how nice?

a boy in the pictures again , it is really lovely places with a restaurant
cruise is definitely more expensive price to da

the Louvre, the sky is blue The cloud is white . Good bright gold murals depicting the railing



Louis a few again? No culture is terrible , my history is not good

royal bedroom

large back garden , this beautiful and impress

corner of the garden , how to look at the sky ?

is poss my husband taught , I feel very narcissistic ~ () / ~ la la la

fastest elevator in Paris , shot on to the roof , it really Ah

very impressive look like ufo coming ?

narcissistic to a

reluctantly called her husband to one , huh, huh . Behind him is the Arc de Triomphe, the way his face most of the street --- Paris Champs Elysees .

A man watching his wife do not cry ... ... `` What is the best, look beautiful

 This day, clouds to two guests in the restaurant, a man and a woman of about forty, dressed decent, men still carrying a bag, looks like a pair of out of tourism couples.
smiling waiter brought the menu. men took the menu direct delivery woman, said: : customers. a woman's own words repeated again and again, this time the man next to the speaker: Lengle Leng, see the waiter surprised eyes, very embarrassed and said: men and Yi Zheng, how to eat a bowl? woman looking man frowned and said: in the chair. next to the attendant a hint of bare contemptuous smile, thinking: This woman and cheap and pull the home. wonton not a restaurant to eat light, said two people as long as the bowl. Pielepiezui woman washed her: , We do not have to sell wonton, the two want to eat or to eat food stalls outside the bar! business is too small do not want to do it? The two men, the only point of ravioli to eat, this did not mean to cause trouble you? people who can not afford rice, estimated that another any ideas. After all, business site, not push it the truth.

waiter told he whispered: from this strange couple.

After a while, the waiter took home a steaming bowl of wonton, to the woman in front of a release, said: see wonton, a woman's eyes were bright, her moving their faces to the bowl, and took a deep breath, then gently stir with a spoon with the bowl of ravioli, if want to eat, but not send half a day to the mouth.

man stared at a woman, and turned to look around and feel everyone staring at them with strange eyes, he felt a shame, said bitterly: what are you doing, running all the way, just to eat the bowl of ravioli? Do you like to eat, I'm hungry a day, and to Bubu. finished food. That waiter said dismissively: fart! King meal I eat? I would have no money? a pinch, to actually find the cell phone was missing. startled man stood a long while, and finally paying attention to the woman opposite.

woman calmly said: and mobile phones are thrown into the river last night. suddenly remembered something, opened the player's bag, in which fierce hand dig up.

woman simply said coldly: out of all the valuable things, I threw into the river. I've got a five dollars, enough to buy a bowl of wonton! staring at a woman: What are you anxious? no matter how, we still have two legs, walked to her house. no money, is not it still home yet? Back then the days. colder than it is now! what? What is forgotten. Twenty years ago, the first time taking a trip we do business, did not expect to be cheated his shirt, and even travel money gone. through here, you have to give me to eat a bowl of wonton I know, when your body to rest five cents a ....... The waiter at the side of a daze: empty bowl and gently pushed to the front of men:
man said: do not eat now, or this sentence! . Finally, he sent a wonton lips, a swallow, the whole is gargling the stomach. ravioli when he scooped a second time, tears suddenly
woman to see him eat, and smiled, and began to pick up the spoon to eat. ravioli entered the mouth, while tears drip into the bowl. the couple to tears and finished the bowl of wonton points.

down spoon, a man asked the woman looked softly: shoes, pull out the insole, hand entered, and touch, did not expect to actually work out five dollars. He startled by startled, stared at his hand could not believe the money.

woman smiled and said: Twenty years ago, you lied to me that only five cents, and can only buy a bowl of wonton, Actually, you have five cents, she hid in the soles. I know you want to hide the five cents , so when I'm hungry a chance to. then you are forced to eat half of ravioli to know I will not eat, put the money out to buy a bowl! I remember what you have done, the five dollars, I did not white Tibetan! , a short while, holding back a large bowl full of ravioli.
man to the woman poured a half bowl: , we have to go home, you can not blame me, I just want to break up with you again before the hungry once. suffering a back! decoction with water, eat clean. He put down his bowl urged women: back to sign one point the money I do not, you and what a good woman, married eight or ten, I will not control you .....woman smiling and calmly finished the bowl of wonton, and then the waiter: a woman's hand, yet who work out of the two hundred dollar bills handed in the past: look at Zhang Xianfeng, Zhang Xianfeng smile: into the hands of men, and went straight away .....< br>
Zhang Xianfeng back to the office, goes out from the drawer had drafted a divorce agreement, stared and looked a long while, whispers from the words to say: time wore on, those who moved but little by little archive. Zuiteng fact that you were not you happy to coax sweet person, perhaps in the sole possession of five dollars, when in the final was the last province to give you a little something to eat, say hungry people ... ...



reading the story, you know what is his wife yet?
wife, is that to save money to buy you a favorite gift, but claimed to be on a diet of the
wife, is that to love you, and give up the entire forest, bent by your side and you slowly getting old .
wife, is that you should not look at other women, to mention another woman, and praise another woman's
wife, the one that holds each of you send her a sweet message, often turned to look at music of the
wife, the one who is always clamoring to kill your meal, ask her to dinner, said his hungry
wife, is that you want to buy a pair of shoes, running all over the world to find, only to tell you to buy back occasionally to see the
wife, is that you are not her, her very missed, every day at the mobile phone wistfully of the
wife, is that you play games, sleep, send text messages calling for
wife, is that as long as your support, to dare to charge forward without fear of the
wife, is that seeing other people's dirty clothes are feeling sick, take you through one week without changing a bottomless black white dirty socks washed and uncomplaining
wife, the one that you hear people say bad to argue defend to the death of strong, very self-esteem, but was wayward shameless in front of you
man, remember: his wife, the one that allows you to eat her only loss of the woman.
wife, is that you no longer have her and other women like women.
wife, the one that has always been mean to you, willing to spend money on her but did not hurt the woman.
wife, is that you are willing to forego sleep late, and waking up a woman for her breakfast.
wife, is that once you Xingaoqiao machismo into will accommodate, understand the man's woman.
wife, the one that you think washing dishes is also very masculine woman.
wife, the one that you understand the responsibility, as long as she was happy, working hard has become worthy of the woman.

wife, is that every free time you want to have her company, even if only the woman does not speak.
wife, is that you worry about because she was cold to see her eat a bowl of rice and happy woman.
wife, the one that you are willing to hold up an umbrella to ward off the dark clouds of a woman her head.
read and transfer a lifetime of happiness! ! !

Use a dollar specialの

 A dollar, looking for brothers and buy a trail of counterfeit fifty-fifty
take this book to elementary school entrance pavilion called Grandpa from the old hands have to spend 49 6 hair for real money;
to the ground the market to buy yellow disk, counter-offer to buy 9 4 hair, left by the breaking of the long five nearby counties, 15 sheets per
buy out price was 135 yuan;
return 5 yuan, to the small commodity wholesale market to buy a pen 260 students to the school gate stall to buy out a 1,5
element was 390;
and trail intentionally lost 100 brothers and play mahjong, from its mouth that ecstasy purchase channels, purchase of 58 290,
sold for 10 yuan price of ballroom was 580;
pay protection money 80, 500 left in the club received little brother (high school, 50 per person is sufficient), younger brother for 10
charge you for protection, a day to receive in 2000, excluding dividends, have 1500;
to find Miss Fun City, but the asking price of 300 to 1000, Miss assure you dead set, respect you as beheaded, and < br> Introduction sister to you, left 500 to print the advertisement printing the verge of bankruptcy, the city was posted, 10
days per person per pick Miss 5 times and give you 100 days of income 10 * 5 * 100 was 5000, one month down is 15
million;
10 万 rental shop to open entertainment center, 5 Miss Wan Zhao 30 (senior), pick up 3 times per day, a dividend < br> have 300, one month is 30 * 3 * 300 * 30 was 81 million;
business tax to pay 100,000 public security (protection money), left 710,000 to Yunnan with the goods, as long as 10 times to turn the Mainland, this < br> travel to about half a month, was 7 million (10 million buying guns on the road and the necessary expenses);
did quit the vote, registered real estate companies, workers move from rural areas (may hire buy your yellow disk,
ha ha) monthly wage of 600 hire 100 to spend 6 million, dinners to the municipal spend 100 million (never less), the city government of all the projects are
hand, do shabby work , road repair Pa Pa of the repair, 2 months to earn 20 million;
workers compensation money order 30000 (2 months received more than 20 projects, worn out one, not afraid, someone up there) to < br> Please monthly salary of 50,000 doctoral students will be five foreign languages, to go abroad to find the brand as the agent, the agent of Italy's shoes sold in the
country, and then take the sample to Wenzhou, do fakes, made a 50 million a month down ;
discovered by the Italian manufacturers, 10 million compensation, plus more than 1,000 million surplus last month to find financing to do
U.S. consortium website (PhD can not let him idle), to 2 billion in financing, squeeze across sohu, sina,
become China's largest portal site, listing, market capitalization of 200 million U.S. dollars, to buy securities companies, a dark horse, rose 10
times the first day, opening the next day to buy out all stock (51 %). Was 10,2 billion U.S. dollars.
less than six months you will become rich, lived out the rest of mind. What? Not satisfied? You can only speak the old
industry, to buy weapons, do the arms, bin Laden over there I was, or get in touch with you?

Find such a wife

 To find such a wife
1: call your mother as cooking, singing Fish Leong's secretly watching you in the side of the giggle
8: forces you to eat a fruit every day
9: always asking to stay up all night to keep you watching, but never been to the players insist there
10: Walking , will hold your left arm
11: At least monthly, and your noisy aircraft
12: am with you in the front of her parents spoiled
13: have a friend talk about anything, but Do you know
14: often say to you: the results of locking
17: In order to avoid housework, and you want to finger-guessing game, she was out of scissors, you out of cloth
18: Hair Design will seek your advice
19: nothing else, to accompany your next game of chess, take three steps, two steps regret
20: assertive
21: dinner with your friends, and occasionally she would steal go checkout
22: wrong things, always with you After the controversy over the pages before they agree to apologize
23: There is something unique fragrance, you can find my eyes closed her nose
24: prefer watching movies at home
25: memory close to zero, half things before, it is difficult to remember (in addition to your good for her)
26: love to play cards, but playing a very smelly
27: ride a bike occasionally let you do the back
28: others wrong number, she would very politely said: Lanjue sleepy, she can 33: No jokes about half, and often put its own Xiaofan
34: sleep a little earlier than you, wake up later than you
35: not to sentence talks about
36: do not leave nail
37: the city's power outage, it occurred to me to and you enjoy a
39: sometimes to other people send text messages or phone calls, you accidentally enter your number
40: appetite with how saying also
45: the snacks all over unrest in Tibet, for fear you eat
46: toothpaste, from the bottom began to squeeze
47: there is a drawer of my needle and thread
48: be a article or paragraph of text moved
49: do not mind before you pick your nose
50: see the price of 99.99 to buy clothes, pay 100 yuan, after waiting Keep the change
51: a bit small feudal, but not superstitious
52: allows you to wet with tears, her shoulders
53: more willing to let you use the money to buy food flowers
54: as the silent phase when you can communicate with eye contact
55: eating watermelon, right hand holding a spoon, left hand holding half a melon
56: tears, absolutely can use velvet toy is the toilet paper (and throw on the wall or floor)
58: At home, put your shirt as pajamas to wear
59: on a regular basis to help you Taoer Duo
60: your eyes After the beautiful side slightly with the rotation, the foot will feel a sharp pain right away
61: wear your clothes on the bed the next day
62: You come home drunk, I would soak a good cup of tea, and decided to teach you tomorrow
63: quarrel absolutely does not say Manufacturing humor
66: think swearing, Indian language even more difficult than that a hundred times
67: Although you can use the : horror movies with you, you often had a You had, she will hold you
70: do not know why love you, love you
71: She can always find a reason to love you

Mature beauty; real man (men such as Autumn )

 Real man
a woman a woman vision, men have a man's standards. Woman looking for a real man, a man wanted a real man. Difficult to find a woman laments real man, a man complained that a real man tired. Real man where is it? Behaved, honest part, may not be the real man. Dressed, pious, is not necessarily a real man. Time to go home every night after work, stay together with the wife and kids hot white picket fence is a good man, but certainly not a real man. Drinking all night to do music, places to spend sleepless Liu, nor is it a real man. Deal or No Deal's richest man may not be true, the daughter cleared, the rich will Qiongqiong Jie Li, Xingyingxiangdiao. Politicians scold surprised situation may not be a real man, when the power lost when the politicians will be reduced to come down the drinker. Mouthful of foul language is not a real man, though a real man should BS-ing, occasionally put *** lip. Oil head noodles niche more than a real man.

real man Ganaiganhen, outspoken, dare dare, dare to dare. Real man can have nothing but the world, the real heavy drinker but not a man will recover. Bold and magnanimous, but a real man is not a lack of strategy, a real man can be secretive and not secretive. Real men may not be the successful man, but a real man will never fail even discouraged. The real wild men without arrogance, humility rather than self-esteem a real man. The real decisive and resolute men, real men perseverance.

real man dare to admit their mistakes and assume their responsibilities, the real men never dare to face reality and find excuse for their own reasons. Real man of flesh and blood is rich in emotion, the real men are equally soul-stirring love. Real men love country, love beauty. Rouchang real man steel frame, Lianxiangxiyu, but the real men will not give up love for the children of the vicinity of mountains and rivers. Inseparable from the woman's man, not a real man. Women abandoned by men, not a real man. Real men know how to appreciate a woman, emotionally and not promiscuous, not vices of the flesh. Real men love wine love flowers, love mountains and streams, because real men know how to appreciate a beautiful landscape, a touching poem, and a melodious song. So the real man alive will live Tan sway, death, and we die impassioned.

real man Fate of independence, rather than horizontal flow. Sometimes, a good man may not be a real man, stay in the rut, indecisive, can only be nothing of the mediocre. Real man may even be the most heinous villains, such as Hitler, bloodthirsty killing of the innocent, but denied he was paranoid and fanatical leadership charisma made him and Caesar, Napoleon, and even Stalin, de Gaulle The real man in Need. The real man is going to Heaven and laugh Li Bai, the courage to face the emperor was no one claiming to immortals; real man is going to Heaven and shouts and grand, vehement of Yue Fei, even in re-Yingxiongmolu With mountains and rivers have strong dreams. The real man is the Yi River winds blow in a large river, warrior, Kangkaibeige foot all the way to the heroic journey of no return.

real man can eat humble pie but never beds many, such as hooks practice hardships, such as the Han knee flexion crotch. Because he knew that a real man, should have a broader than the sea, blue sky, more lofty than the mind.

real man, even down and out, he would not lose the open-minded ideals of optimism. He can be obscure, but he can not mediocrity. Real man, even if he living on the streets, wandering, and will always adhere to the soul of a piece of pure land.

proud and clank real man, real man spirit lives forever.

real man is the idol of the hearts of countless women, unbending, unwavering poor and lowly, rich and not prostitution. A big crowd, all living things, they are like stars in the sky silently flashing, to the happy woman by happy, and hope to the unhappy woman, a man who is not a man to take the lead stick!

careful reading of the fall

such as read only to read the man's tragic fall of autumn

also read out the vicissitudes of the rich autumn

favorite flavor of autumn in the early autumn, late autumn, late autumn when the largest interest free travel
close look at the scenery and the appearance of the fall of men and fall
savor the image of the continuous generation of seamless
So the imagination
to illustrate the poetry with a man fall the most appropriate and distinct

taste of man lies in his high
broad, deep, cold, warm, cool Ti despair and loving man
early autumn with the summer-ness
also not settle down < br>
autumn steady pace is not enough strong enough for this man to do
colleagues

late autumn elegance and elegant men more rational thinking
a profound accumulation of experience

eyes
insight into the things people feel warm and cordial
tolerant and benevolent
feeling of overflowing love this man best friend


women appreciate men who have taste is deep

more mature and prudent
those restless
cream flavor
sissy
in the previous major atmospheric not a sound Lianqi
the final screen will be scoffed

most of the ancients, such as respect for the man

this opera in the niche line of business is most people's
scalp tingling and then read them a few more people, such as a character asks
marrow-like cramps suck cool through the whole body
wants to know if people may feel fear Takefu
even in the cop drama
image in Cao Cao * cunning fraud

also impressive by the flag on the bar The generals is full of majestic
masculine fortitude
do not have to hide his face is also full of rigid


always thought
content is the most worthy men relish the thought
is the concentrated expression of mood
profit to have learned not to say at least
also do not read books is like
also the kind of proficiency is Neixiu
wise man

like autumn clouds straight rainbow deep
noble spirit
career development is also bullish
season if the cowherd in the leisure of a recent football Temptress Moon River Education Tasui Qiong Yao

Mo
man's calm and calm is the result of accumulation of life such as the late autumn scenery
generally less attractive
cold wind
not so cold inside the rain the sun is not so strong

less air Zaore
also like pine green package like the warmth of vigorous

keep you free to reveal a certain distance from
produce a hazy blur of strange beauty
charm of Health issued a healthy state of mind
sense of taste is a man


not name brand is not as prominent highlight

not endless debate
not be stingy man does not care about
Granville anger
open-minded spirit
ingenious mind the outpouring of joy in the eyes is blue, soulful

fall of man is only a woman can read the autumn
the profound meaning of the poems man
with spring-like warmth of the summer-like hot

like winter fall like a full solemn

spring, summer, easy to bees and butterflies
Health hungry hungry
easy easy to escape the winter to cover the autumn bore rich fruit
covered only the first
nothing to hide the technology to express a rich and thick
The autumn has the best woman
invasion obtain good returns women to have a rich imagination

man is the most profound poems
woman can be the best readers and even Salon
can be a class of

or the man is more memorable than the Yucheng Qiu
men experienced after years of baptism by the vicissitudes of an increasingly mature
as golden autumn

read you a thousand times is not enough < br> time you feel like the season on October

intoxicating romantic poems
such great wealth and treasure
so happy woman to harvest it ; ;
; ; ;
Love is love, the heart is touched by the sincere edge of good friends: Today is simple with you about
; ;
have different views, express your own opinion, like the direct reprint

Feel the pulse of the fate of Chinese 3G

 3G brings not only the evolution of technology and services to the rich, more importantly, industry structure and changing rules of the game. In a time upcoming 3G era, how to build a strong industrial chain, and instigated the competition between the industrial chain is interest groups faced new challenges mm
feel the pulse of the fate of
3G text / in Puritanism
3G, third generation mobile communication means, with respect to voice services, nowadays mainly second-generation mobile communications, It is based on data services as the core network services. to its essence, it represents an era of mobile Internet, marking the Internet from a network of computer networks are turning to mobile phones.
a coming new era of communications!
the key that opens this age is composed of four letters of an English word mmCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) mm third-generation mobile communication systems technology base. Without this basis, 3G the goalkeeper unable to open.
In fact, that the key to open the door to 3G has three: WCDMA (Europe), CDMA2000 (Qualcomm), TD-SCDMA (China). In China, because I hope for their own TD-SCDMA standard has won more tests and improve the time and gives the operator more time to repay the loan owed the purchase of equipment, taking into account the various interests, China has been slow to release 3G licenses. but we can not block or delay this as a reason 3G the process of China.
into 2007, China Telecom has set up mobile operations, early deployment of mobile business solutions, and expand the provincial company in the country; China Netcom has also long been a rainy day, the establishment of the relevant mobile operators mobile sector industrial research, Netcom in 21 provinces under the Southern Province is planning to build 15 mobile communications division set up for the meet to prepare for 3G; China Unicom is the original G network and C together, network marketing, separate, split China Unicom two networks, marketing departments and personnel; China Mobile Guangdong has begun and the Guangdong Suning in joint marketing, new business experience, high-end customers in areas such as resource sharing closely Suning, and China Mobile in Guangdong is the first comprehensive regional cooperation, the two giants behind the alliance is aimed at the future 3G value-added services attractive cake hh
every indication that, 3G prelude to war.
previous December 4, 2006, known as the international telecommunications community, Industry experts acceptance.
experienced after long speculation and waiting, this time, we can finally determined, the message is really mm3G be issued a license.
3G lifted the veil
3G, we common people off losers? do not understand the 3G era is the most frequently asked topic. but it does not matter, telecom heavyweights have begun to warm us from different angles to make a detailed picture of:
Age is an always-on wireless world, is a video of the world. Our technology and strategy is to keep you connected, the connection from home WIFI networks outside the street, and then switch to the Office of the fixed-line connection line in the middle without interrupting or missing any data. the child's whereabouts, if they do not miss the school bus or to the terminal before fleeing out of the car, the parents will immediately be reminded of the phone; You can also phone the parents are kept informed of the physical distance information, and even the family refrigerator storage conditions of food .
in the global telecom bigwigs to prove that the world is becoming smaller, more warmth. They believe, 3G era temptation enough for them to lead in the mobile network era 2.6 billion mobile phone users worldwide rush to the Internet, to enjoy a seamless digital life.
Nowadays, China's third generation mobile communication network construction has come a long reserve on stage to greet the dawn. from the device manufacturer's research and development and production, to mobile operators construction and operation, to the end-user application and approval, 3G industry chain is emerging, 3G licenses will be issued quickly pull in a few years thousands of billions of investment, new applications, new business models, new marketing channels, many new opportunities are waiting for development.
from the interlocking chain look, 3G era for the Chinese information industry chain, all interest groups to bring a new opportunity for development, but it also brings a full range impact. They, can get the chance?
the fate of the Chinese 3G standard four considerations
fighting
war situation and application software in the 3G technology
consideration, the standard is undoubtedly the greatest battle cake, who was first with standard, will have a competitive initiative. in the WCDMA (Europe), CDMA2000 (Qualcomm), TD-SCDMA (China) which opened three key 3G standards war era, from the beginning free competition to the final development of oligopolistic competition will be the inevitable 3G.
Thus, with independent intellectual property rights in China TD-SCDMA 3G technology standard in StarCraft can seize a place much attention. and with WCDMA, CDMA2000 This compared with two keys, TD-SCDMA communication quality is poor.
the other hand, the current 2G GSM mobile network has reached 2100 style terminals, 3G standard WCDMA terminal models also have 400 kinds, TD-SCDMA twenty support several terminal is obviously very difficult future operational needs.
Therefore, TD-SCDMA will face a severe test.
and in the application software, from operators and equipment manufacturers point of view, if you can not solve the user to browse or intervention system and the convenience of fast, 3G mobile phones will be illusory. Today, there are 449 million mobile subscribers each month, more than 5.5 million mobile phone users. Obviously, in helping service providers meet these challenges, the software will play a critical effect, the software companies will usher in more development opportunities.
can be expected, 3G mobile phone operating system, the dispute will be the software vendor will be the focus of contention, but also the development of competition will be open to the monopolistic competition. Therefore, in the 3G phone software will be the scene of repeated fighting computer software.
measures judged
people today believe that the delay in Chinese 3G licenses issued in the -SCDMA is to promote the value of the rapid prosperity of the whole industrial chain, especially in China's enterprises in the software, chips, integrated circuits and other fields the right to speak.
Jinguan TD-SCDMA is still a need to continue polishing the keys, but any technology development has a process, just like the original GSM and CDMA first entered China, also facing difficulties, over time business, all problems will be solved. The key is to do, rather than wait and rely on technology are in practice continue to make progress.
of 3G phones, undoubtedly the most critical operating system software and browser, because the operating system and browser determine the user's experience after the purchase and brand loyalty. Currently, the mobile browser device is the biggest technical barriers to the use of browser users is simply to retrieve the content, reading content, but because Web pages are the large-screen displays for computer designed for mobile phones in the small screen can only display a specific period of time The one-tenth or even a few percent of the content. who can first solve the problem, who will occupy the commanding heights of mobile browser.
Wap gradually die, SP providers consider the situation turn Web

3G era adversely affected by the industry can now be foreseen at least two: one is mobile voice services face in fear for life and death; the other is the gradual demise of Wap site, SP (content provider) Web site shift.
future的 3G era is a telecom operators will have in technology, end products and services will invest heavily to differentiate their strategies to compete for a large number of customers online and offline.
China Mobile and China Unicom's annual financial report that is currently focusing too much on traditional voice weak growth performance of the business has made the issue more prominent.
Although the formal commercial 3G after a very long time, 3G and the current 2G voice services will co-exist and complement each other. But our 3G users will be close to 2 in 2010 billion, in this sense, the current mobile phone based solely on traditional voice services will be like a few years ago in the paging industry gradually fade out as the public eye.
but when it comes to SP, it is often linked and Wap site, as if SP is Wap patent. Essentially, SP provides value-added services, Wap provide the means (channels). like you are selling food to passengers, he likes to take the train to the train station you have to sell, he would sit car you get the bus to sell, your meal can always sell. sell rice is the purpose, rather than to the bus station or train station as a goal. And, the first SP is through Web sites, such as Sina Web portals such as via text message. but to the 3G era, Wap Web can do the same can be done. So, in Wap site was quickly flooded after wave of 3G, SP Web site to become an inevitable shift.
other In 3G era, they will feel a lot of SP providers deeper dazed and confused.
video services, should be the new 3G bring the greatest piece of cake, but the future of wireless video, SP providers who encounter more trouble. Currently, wireless network video management is redoubling its efforts to advance the next SP should be sent to the CCTV video of the broadcast control platform, content review no problem to put telecom operators customize the program on the network and distribution.
SP embarrassing shortage of video content will start with the 3G market, which has become increasingly evident. Now the larger video production companies do not own the copyright to share out with the SP, but to buy SP, So in 3G market has not started when a large-scale, SP has not the power to buy enough of the contents of the copyright.
in real-time communications to Tencent and MSN as the representative of SP will also be carriers suppressed. telecoms operators have huge resources of mobile phone users, in order to promote their instant messaging products, operators will certainly take some strategies to make these resources into their own mobile phone users instant messaging users. Although SP insiders believe that, even if the carriers rely on their own resources to play in a certain time, the accumulation of a considerable part of the user, but the traditional instant messaging users, make them abandon the existing instant messaging software is not easy. may in the long run, the operator into the instant messaging the impact of the SP field is huge, real-time communications will change the market structure, ushered in a new round of reshuffle.
measures judged
for mobile voice services and the demise of Wap site is the inevitable development of the times, whom there is no need to come up with countermeasures to resist.
As for the SP in the 3G era loss and confusion, in addition to compliance with the relevant departments in the wireless network video management, it should be to strengthen the original video content to reduce the dependence of film and television production company , or should a new channel of innovation platform or pathway, to cooperate with telecom operators and competition.
recommendations to the SP
business promotion around the operator's key business content design and development, make full use of operators provide opportunities for cooperation and customer base of resources, development and growth of their own strength;
and operators of regional companies, the leading regional market. because operators around the access and billing is determined whether the SP region to benefit the key to so with the co-operators around the office, and maintain good relations, SP is critical;
industrial cooperation and promotions using the opportunity to play their own brand of competitive products; < br> with existing high-quality service providers, a variety of ways to expand production capacity, in a limited product life cycle, increased product coverage;
cooperation with the terminal manufacturers, the SP features outstanding or embedded directly into a business mobile phone application interface, this type of mobile phone users can increase the loyalty of the SP business, increase business usage.
3G operators were forced to battle for the market is opened quietly.
3G era from the point of view the global telecom operators, 3G era with different forms of a large number of new operators into the mobile communications market, the market competition becomes more fully. the new operators into three types, the first national fixed network operator or other operators to get 3G license into the market. The second entry of foreign operators, such as Hutchison Whampoa into the United Kingdom, Italy and other markets. III Mobile Virtual operators in the 3G market, increasing the number of mobile virtual operators to obtain 3G licenses have four operators, mobile virtual operators to obtain licenses as many as 7.
the face of increasingly intense competition, the Chinese telecom operators rely on to settle down in the 3G market? how to break the world struggling in the profitability of the edge of 3G predicament?
in 3G, because a lot of business can be implemented in the 2G or 2.5G, telecom operators have to play the role is integrated information service providers. looking for copyright protection, mobile streaming, mobile TV, mobile instant messaging, POC, remote monitoring, video codec, RFID, and other high-end vector characters. At present the application of these nine promote product development and market conditions are different, really blew it seems the killer application of 3G is still uncertain.
In addition, the current between the large telecommunications users and has not been fully open channel, carriers established in the 2G era SP channel system certainly can not satisfy the entire market needs.
Therefore, the Chinese telecom operators in the 3G market to settle down, struggling to break the global 3G predicament edge in profitability, they must be In addition to looking to attract users and profitable killer applications, telecommunications networks and the Internet in the interaction between the business will help telecom operators market, the outbreak of tipping point. Internet after so many years of development, already has a sufficient the contents of the resources, especially WEB2.0 pattern began to develop original content and its core is massed. and telecommunications platforms, and mobile terminals of personal, can help a lot of interaction between the original content. in Telecommunication and the Internet, the process of interaction between the two networks, telecommunications networks can fully assume the work of a small amount of media, information collection.
future operators should also create a channel platform, with particular attention to building the channel line. IT vendors line channels developed, but lower gross profit margin, while the operators lack of offline channels, but a high profit margin products, which will have great room for cooperation between the two and possible.
to the recommendations of the domestic mobile operators
technical cooperation is not only a vendor, SP challenge operators is also the challenge of operators according to their own technical capacity to grasp technical cooperation Shendu within the controllable range; Tisheng the product, the business aspects of licensing money in circulation flow, logistics, information design and management capabilities, which affects not only the effect of marketing activities, also affects the stability of cooperation Chanye camp; to market segmentation and consumer behavior research-based, competitive strategy design, end subsidies, content services, bundled offers and other marketing charges; according to the target market size and value of end products to decide whether the use of custom or semi-custom segment cooperation to attract and end-users; use of social marketing mix channels, while also based on business the market value into consideration the proportion of tariff design and designed to mobilize and protect the enthusiasm of the channel.
terminal manufacturers expand the telecommunications equipment and handset manufacturers must constantly adjust the pace to meet the 3G era.
as the world's largest number of mobile phone users, but also may be the largest number of mobile phone brands in China, like Longshehunza the big stage, all the time have played a variety of tragicomedy.
Not long ago, Mitsubishi to enter the Chinese mobile phone market a full 5 years after struggling following the NEC, Toshiba, Panasonic and other compatriots, finally forced to make a withdrawal decision. yet Kyocera to stay in China, and its days are not much better.
If the Japanese mobile phone, at least in the local market also has an absolute advantage, market share has been declining compared to the domestic mobile phone that also failed to do even to. In addition to this unexpected association of green, domestic mobile phone this endless delay out of the frozen winter.
in such despair, many companies hope 3G, seems to have reason to believe that 3G mobile phone licensing is the execution of the domestic amnesty before the fall from the sky, and perhaps also to direct the long-awaited spring usher.
However, in addition to domestic mobile phone manufacturers ZTE and Huawei, Datang and other 3G technologies in the accumulation of relatively mature, and frequently in the international 3G market gains, the vast majority of domestic mobile phone manufacturers in the face of the upcoming 3G is still a blank, lost their sense.
Who can live who can not live, but rather nest eggs will survive For what? > in the 3G era is coming, in order to expand market share, the need for new technology research and development, a lot of money,
R & D and marketing experience for the mobile phone is not rich in second-tier handset manufacturers, 3G era is not a play expensive from the event. Facts have proved that only the mobile phone manufacturers seize market segments, is it possible to break the fierce price competition.
tier manufacturers will have to re-locate their own. Right now, the international mobile phone manufacturers to do is re-positioning 3G phones. If the 3G mobile phone Nokia mobile business solutions targeting the core of Motorola's 3G phones as a the recommendations of manufacturers involved in the terminal phase
operators and terminal channels of distribution channels has become increasingly evident trend of shuffling. and the ability to work closely with operators, handset manufacturers will be one of the key factors in winning; strengthen SP, PC co-operation prominent end products in the data services and applications on the Features, the factory owners and operators to strengthen an important means; in 2.5G, 3G era, the channel structure due to the diversification of market segments and user changes, the retail channel The role of the interface as a service will become increasingly apparent. in the carrier channels of influence to increase while maintaining the right to speak on the channel and influence of the terminal manufacturers should be the focus of attention; terminal manufacturers according to their brand strength, channel power and the product competitive market segments, select the point with the cooperation of operators is essential. cooperation is not dependent on its own can not provide the value of lost cooperation. On the contrary, how to get more from the cooperation for development is the cooperation base and cooperative target setting problem.
instigated
3G 3G industry chain is not only brought about the evolution of technology and services to the rich, more importantly, industry structure and changing rules of the game. In a time upcoming 3G era , how to build a strong industrial chain, and instigated the competition between the industrial chain is facing the new challenges of interest groups.
which, operators integrated industry chain structure determines the ability of the ecosystem development of the state of 3G services. commercial value of the 3G industry, reflected in more areas than traditional voice services, so operators in the value creation process is not merely a leader, it is nurture, create and promote the development and evolution of the entire ecosystem power. The commercial value of the entire ecosystem is created by all sectors of industry, and more is reflected in the overall ecological value creation capacity of the system.
we all know, in the 2G era, the production by mobile terminal manufacturers and sales through agents channel. Because the business operators to provide voice-based, end-all be able to meet this simple, operators only hosts a variety of mobile communication services wireless communications network.
but in 3G, the situation has great changes in .3 G mobile data services value chain operations is complicated, forcing telecom operators to change the traditional reliance on selling , which triggered a series of profound changes.
First of all, 3G data services and mobile terminals to support the promotion is closely related to the promotion based on business requirements of operators need to achieve a custom handset.
Second, the custom terminal provided that the operator purchases (at least in part) the terminal, and then sell part of the terminal involved.
Finally, 3G mobile data service is not provided by the carriers developed an independent and, therefore, operators must establish contact with the content providers . This requires that operators begin to think from the content, the feeling from the end user to decide how to develop 3G services, namely, to provide end to end service chain to have a superb management skills.
3G era, mobile phone retail capacity become the operator important core competitiveness, the mobile phone market rules of the game because of the involvement of mobile operators to change. This will strengthen the operators leading role in the industrial chain, operators will be vertically integrated industry chain, that is prior to the integration of mobile phone sales, after the integration of mobile phone development and production, the industry's production and sales model will change.
mobile data customer experience is the essence of the business, ordinary consumers do not care about technology, only concerned with the value of what mobile phones can What to do with, what function, what can bring the fun, this is the most important.
the perfect customer experience is an essential prerequisite for close contact with consumers face to face. Only in this way order to effectively understand how to satisfy consumer demand and to study it. the best understanding of consumer needs and market changes is undoubtedly the sales channels, control of the channel will control the whole industry chain and consumer access to the main interface. Therefore, the mobile phone operator intervention Sales for full understanding of consumer needs, thereby integrating all resources industry chain to provide consumers with more and better services.
in the 2G era, and the creation operators alone most of the market value of the exclusive mode subversion, although operators can still get most of the market value of the returns, but a considerable part of the interest will be assigned to the content developers, service providers, distribution channels and other areas. With the breakdown of industrial division of labor, the new industry links breeding, the extension of the value chain and all aspects of the enhancement of mutual dependence, 3G economic benefits of ecosystem distribution mechanism will also be reconstructed accordingly.
link to one: 3G in China since 2006, the process of
Currently, Third generation mobile communication standards are three, namely W-CDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA. Most of the world's 3G network uses the first two standards, TD-SCDMA to October 2006 have not yet entered the commercial, but the Chinese government has approved this standard. This is not only the Chinese mobile communications standards in the future planning of the world has a great voice, domestic products will also benefit the vendors, because they do not then pay the patent fees, Chinese manufacturers need to provide services for domestic users the scale of profits can be obtained.
2006 年 1 20 January, the Ministry of Information Industry released the standard TD-SCDMA communications industry, this makes the process of commercialization of TD-SCDMA an important step forward.
2006 In March, the Chinese edition of concern 3G standard TD-SCDMA has finally finalized the size of the test program, China Telecom in Baoding, China Mobile in Xiamen, China Netcom in Qingdao construction network. TD-SCDMA test program to finalize the size also means the world's first TD-SCDMA commercial operating license in the above three operators will be born.
2006 年 5 月初, TD League's first expansion in 2006, is the fourth installment of the establishment of a new member to join, expansion enterprises from the three areas: equipment, instrument type, smart antenna and RF chip type class. new members, expand the breadth and depth of mutual cooperation, to promote the TD-SCDMA commercial process.
2006 年 8 29 May, the National Development and Reform Commission under the auspices of both China and South Korea formally signed an agreement on promoting cooperation in TD-SCDMA project memorandum of understanding. Subsequently, a number of multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturers have added or increased their stand TD -SCDMA R & D efforts and investment.
2006 年 11 月, TD-SCDMA test phase into the Telephone Number of scale, in Beijing, Baoding, Qingdao, Xiamen and other four cities. operators have begun to small-scale user friendly Telephone Number to conduct pre-commercial, which marks the commercialization of TD-SCDMA to the crucial step taken.
2006 年 12 5 February, Minister of Information Industry Wang Xudong position, China will issue 3G licenses soon, and are confident 2008 to provide 3G services before Olympic Games, China will follow WTO commitments, according to market demand by enterprises to choose the 3G standard.
2007 年 1 17, lTD soft landing r: 3G, restructuring will be delayed? The Chinese government will not be issued TD license, instead of using the first city established in the 8-9 Test network Currently there are two major bottlenecks TD: First, the industrial chain is relatively weak, not large-scale commercial; Second, the current international and Chinese market is still demand for voice services, demand for data services has not been up. In addition, the UBS China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, China Netcom recombination between carriers also analyzed.
but in the author a number of domestic mobile phone production enterprises, multinational giants China Mobile and some telecommunications experts concerned to communicate, We pointed out that 3G is still the trend is unstoppable, some mobile phone manufacturers has begun scheduling, scheduling cycle of 6 months, that is from July to August 2007, the market size of 3G handsets will.
Link II: mobile terminals and Analysis of the middle software vendors
text / Sea of ​​
Yu
mobile terminal hardware manufacturers in the mobile terminals, the United States occupies a leading position, mainly reflected in the concept, design and manufacture of the chip, and its overall design and integration ability and no one can, leader of Motorola.
Nokia is able to become the boss of the mobile phone industry, mainly for mobile phones from Nokia and market understanding, rather than technology leadership.
Korean series adhering to the Japanese mobile phone fine workmanship and fast-changing, beautiful and practical style, but almost do not own the key technologies.
Japanese mobile phone, the domestic mobile phone market with the reasons for rationing, the case in the absence of market pressures into it has not weaned the Japanese mobile phone manufacturers in the world mobile phone market, the competitiveness of the worth mentioning, the Japanese mobile phone from the 2006 mass as evidenced by the defeat of the Chinese market.
Chinese mobile phone makers, in fact only a shell, almost have no real R & D capability of their own, the program is to design the company designs, the hardware is bought, the production is produced by the OEM factory, so the mobile phone manufacturers in China, only the brand and sales channels are dominant.
ResearchInChina Center Research shows that mobile phone manufacturers are four levels of production, the first level is the OEM production or assembly (SKD or CKD); the second level of production is the design level; third level of production is the module level and the hardware platform level; the fourth level of production is the chip-level production, the global mobile phone manufacturers have this capability is only 10 or so. Most of the domestic brands still in the first or second level level.
intermediate software analysis
mainly mobile phone software operating systems and browsers, operating systems, mainly:
Microsoft wince: the shortcomings of Windows onto the phone easily cause a system crash, the price expensive. as follows Microsoft's operating system interface, and computer interface and operation are very close on a Windows system, is very familiar for users to get started.
Symbian OS: is actually a 32-bit operating system, Symbian OS has a multi-tasking, multi-threaded, low-power, low memory footprint, etc., is very suitable for mobile communication devices. Today, Symbian smart phone operating system has captured the world's smart phone market share of more than 80%.
Linux: inadequate security, performance, low price of open source is mainly low to attract mobile phone manufacturers to use.
Palm OS: Palm OS handheld computers using the volume usually more compact products. In addition, Palm handheld battery time is usually longer.
in the mobile browser, the main competitors are Japan's ACCESS Access, NF series browsers, Opera series Norway's Opera browser, ACCESS is the boss of mobile phone browser, Opera occupies the second position. browser is currently no uniform model, there is no uniform technical standards, nor the fact that the standard can cause a strong brand.
mobile Internet browsing no more than two ways: First, Web site content to meet the handheld devices. that is tailored specifically for the mobile phone WAP site, but it is difficult to be compared and the Internet, can not meet the needs of Internet users. say the least, even if that can carry multimedia content, mobile Internet and to meet Also a mini the browser will become the future development direction of mobile wireless Internet access. but mobile browser browsing mode (mobile web display technology) can not meet the needs of mobile Internet users, the technical deficiency is a global cognitive problems. < br> At present, the browsing patterns of mobile phone research and development status are basically two: one is the first browser to read the Web page itself, information, and then re-typesetting, the Web page content into the page layout is similar to convenience Wap mobile phone users to browse; the other is the way through the zoom display order in the small display screen on the whole or part of the Web page, but will have a serious distortion of the results.
mobile browser how to solve the small-screen phone Web page displayed on the big issues? users use the browser, is that the disorder in two actions repeat (cycle), that is, to retrieve content and access ...