Off the road - Modern Reform Saga (Part 3)

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reverberatory furnace above the schematic diagram explaining the principle of reflection furnace. Reverberatory furnace is intended to pig iron decarburization The transformation of steel or high carbon steel. as traditionally used to make knives, guns, gunpowder, pig iron, the carbon content higher than 1.7. so relatively weak. can not take such a strong impact on the cannon. so we need to be reflective heaters decarbonization, its processing of high carbon steel or steel. steel carbon content of 1.7 below the rugged, impact resistance. is an ideal material for manufacturing guns.
can be seen from this figure, reflecting furnace consists of two parts composition. the left chamber to place the pig iron and other raw materials. the right is the combustion chamber. to place the fuel (hard wood charcoal). When the raw materials and fuel ignite the fuel after placement. fuels high-temperature furnace furnace heat will be reflected the laying of the reflection plate reflecting the top into the reaction chamber. to dissolve pig iron, so that it reaches the melting point of carbon contained after burning. with oxygen as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide emissions. thus leaving a high purity steel. In the chemical reaction process , because the carbon in iron and high melting point than milling. it becomes molten pig iron, this time need to be stirred with an iron bar to open. to pig iron in the carbon and oxygen have full access. reverberatory furnace, the iron ore is not direct contact with the fuel, but it is itself above the heat flow through the flame. arched roof, the highest point in the combustion chamber above the fire to the flue end of the bridge gradually slopes downward, reflecting the flame to the furnace. furnace bottom sealing and anti- permeability, so the iron melting into slimy state will not leak, furnace slag resistance of the wall with strong material made. reverberatory furnace operation is continuous: concentrate from the opening into the roof, floating in the pool Continuous slag surface from one end of the overflow, the rest is wrought iron of high purity. The iron is called Pu Delin Act (Puddling process, stirring wrought iron smelting furnace). as early as 1784 by the British Conte (H. Court) and O'Neill (P. Onions) invented. in the cedar valley Yong Lan help that the book, this is such a method. the benefits of this approach is that one can be a lot of wrought iron smelting . and no longer rely on forged or small furnace technicians repeatedly burned to decarburization. and thus are likely to increase production to support the artillery cast a large demand for wrought iron.
1850 年 12 months, reflecting the formal completion of furnace operation. Because straight is the steel gun is very enthusiastic. Fan in public opinion unanimously favorable. So reverberator shoulders great expectations. But things are not always thought so smoothly. Because the book, after all, the book, with the actual gap is not a star the slightest. the beginning complete failure of the first iron furnace. part of the iron does not melt, after the results of the cooling furnace iron into a Haituozi. began to try again. change the method of mixing iron. Replace the combustion chamber design. to re-book to see if there were missing Lan . and also brought in an old blacksmith Iwami region to help find the cause. After a long struggle. finally solve the above problems, finally stirred out of the flow of wrought iron. can be a double whammy, because too often repeated the test. The original quality is even less clearance of refractory tiles fell off. furnace temperature control problem has emerged. and out of the wrought iron always contains a lot of bubbles, which leads to iron material strength is not high. In devoting hard work out of a cannon cast after the first test led to breakdown of gun body. According to the records cedar valley, reverberatory furnace was modified for 18 consecutive times. but still difficult to build a suitable product.
predicament caused reverberatory furnace fan at the time you served Saga Nabeshima Mao really pay attention to. In Nabeshima Yi Mao implicated by the case of high-island Qiufan step down, the successor is to be the ancient lord Nabeshima Mao true. But fortunately, Nabeshima is one pair of blue Mao really interested in learning person. He is the beginning of reform since the Mary Rose Nabeshima Yi Mao's political allies. and in consideration of the factors that are directly lord. Mao really big gun for the big party has to be supported. So back to the big gun on this side of the distress is very tolerance. not only failed to investigate who is responsible, but encouraged them to tackle the problems. However, while the straight is true, and Mao have to cheer for the big gun side. But to put theory into practice is supposed to be twists and turns and failures. the one hand, Nagasaki, etc. Fort construction land is very smooth going forward. And the other big gun side can still get the shot to go out to. Fort guns such as the situation has emerged. and as reverberatory furnace at the latest technology. Saga Fan has been a lot of money to pay for this research. But nothing has been. This naught things to fan discontent within the public showing. to worry too unbearable husband vines of the island was terribly ashamed. so straight to the lord of the flat is applying ritual apology Fan the media.
but is worthy of Nabeshima Bakumatsu wise ruler straight, he has not agreed to the island rattan husband committed suicide at the request too. Instead, the government ordered the fan to increase the input side of the big gun to show his total commitment to square with the big gun advance and retreat. At the same time encourage the island rattan too fu さ せ よ) and the straight side is also around to help solve the big gun. scholars dichotoma was famous for Nguyen Lan Pu visit Saga, your stone for the 36 million direct Saga Fan feudal lord, after being heard to actually go in person for Nguyen Pu dichotoma advice. in strengthening the financial investment, the big gun side again in 1851 built a reverberatory furnace. in 1852 is based on the original to build four reverberatory furnace. the island, who is helping his career deep straight and courage. So day and night fighting hard, desperately experiment. hard work finally in May 1852 paid off. According to the records to help Yong Gu Shan: found no holes. Although still on a dark gray flame. But very few. The gun was not as Western goods, but the difference is not very far away, Cannon said casting marks the success of the success achieved this breakthrough. Since then, said the modernization of the cross the threshold into the iron age. To mark the occasion. now Saga Prefecture on December 12 each year as reverberatory furnace Day to mark the epoch-making technological breakthroughs.
as to achieve the technical breakthroughs and the accumulation of experience, followed by reverberatory furnace of the casting a lot of work went smoothly .9 months, successful 36 lb cast iron shot four . then progress down to catch up, big gun back into the party to focus more mature technology on the cannon. to the second spring, completed a 150-pound cannon and 80 pounds of copper total six guns, 24 guns of 10 pounds of copper doors, 12 pounds of copper shot 7. The new production of artillery equipment immediately got me a new battery. shogunate adopted the report of Nagasaki. For the success of Saga Fan was very surprised. At this point coincides with the Perry / Pu Jia Qin has visit. greatly stimulate the shogunate and work hard to resolve to strengthen the coastal defense construction. Thus Saga fan, with orders to gun fifty iron. as a contractor in a multi-party giving Saga fan set up a . building a few blocks reverberatory furnace for the shogunate casting guns. shogunate Humphreys when he was given orders to pursue River Road Saint mo to Nagasaki and Pujia piano negotiations. visit before returning to Edo Saga Fan examine the progress of the situation. According to River Road records . as soft as copper pig iron, (originally) not suitable for casting, (with reverberatory furnace) can also be cast gun National Cheng Kung University. waterwheel is a large open hole of the pistol (water Tool), million, consistent weight of pig iron, seem to be able to operate freely as long as three normal h to Tokushima Fan, fan and other fan of horses for sale.
benefited from a large gun battery manufacturing side and construction side of the joint efforts of the construction of new batteries very quickly .1854, the Saga Fan island independently of God and Iraq King Island's Fort. the standards of the highest rated at that time said the most advanced. two adopted Western-style fort and star-shaped diamond design method effectively reduces the problem of old artillery shooting dead ends, and also used in foundation construction on a class indigenous Western-style base. Because the two islands in the sea between the embankment construction can support each other, and masonry Saga fan who had a lot of effort. but eventually completed. big gun side to provide two batteries 63 artillery pieces. completed the day, until the curtain is brought Nagasaki officials a tour party. The new Fort dignity neat, in the past that rusty gun, the earthworks have been a mess for the bright new artillery and replaced by a solid foundation. long Kawasaki shogunate side will return a message after a time shaking the world, became a coastal defense fort Saga fan model. shogunate thus boosted its reputation. Phaethon wiped out the shadow of the event. To reward the efforts being straight Nabeshima shogunate reward Mito, aspect is taken into account the benefits of localization of weapons, on the one hand but also because it was the high price dictates of Western arms. the Western iron still use Pu Delin law. in the law to achieve the natural limit, can provide for weapons production Steel is still not enough. because of scarcity, so the fan can buy Saga of arms is still limited and expensive. But in 1858, the British invented the Bessemer steelmaking method, the wrought iron prices declined significantly. which led to falling prices of weapons. Saga fan can easily get a lot of arms from foreign countries. for the purpose of rapid armed Saga, until now decided to increase arms purchases. while reducing the input side of the big gun. So big gun reduced the original party was ordered to gradually increase the work of gun manufacturing technology research work. try to research was the world's other advanced weapons technology. With the big gun-side policies change. a new department gradually replace the big gun side Lan Xue research position. The department is the refining side.
Saga Fan refining side is set up in 1852 as a department. under the Saga Fan-made side. have been established for the purpose is to create something as a fan of the new chemicals specialty products to sell. then becomes vassal of the physical / chemical Institute of Technology. refining side of this idea was first big long gun side Tianzhong Hu Lang, vice technicians come up with. Tianzhong Hu Lang directly to the boiler island is described in detail in order to create guns and their ammunition needs of the various chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. properties. consider it necessary to study this in depth. in order to increase the performance of artillery. And you can sell the amount of post-partum (Bakumatsu coastal hot time on the The gunpowder is high demand for raw materials) attached to iron cannons and special product development is being straight Nabeshima Tanaka convinced. ordered the funds to set up the physical and chemical refining side as a specialized institute. purchased from other drugs and raw materials began to fan Chemistry .
because it is a purely technical research institutes. Saga Fan researchers themselves slightly less. it happens, Lan Xue Jie, one of the six, Edo study trips are often the people Sano study tour due to illness and end of the return fan inside. all the way back in the process met many famous blue scholars. Sano go after fan heard the establishment of the refining side, and immediately a letter to the pot along the island until he is recommended to get to know a few mm in the village of Lan Xue Qi Fu Wizards, stone long black wide-times and re-Tanaka and his son. Qiuxianruoke Getting straight is there is so talent. immediately organized the recruitment of work (these people are not fan of) .1851 years, the village joined the Saga odd auxiliary fan, the following year, Ishiguro wide views, Tanaka long re-son to join Saga fan. plus from the Nagasaki study tour back Sano ordinary people (1851, fully recovered, went to Nagasaki Study Tour), and the fire operation side Angeles Valley Yong Assistant / The Island Rattan too fu .. 1852 year-end -1853 year to Sano as a director, refining formally put into operation.
refining side as a RIKEN, at the beginning is more emphasis on chemistry. the beginning of the main work is carried out according to the translation blue book chemistry experiment. Try Glauber's salt manufacturing artillery needed, Ray powder (artillery charge), and so the intention of doing so is intended to increase the number of exports Saga fan. But the chemistry experiment easier said than done. repeated failure. Then go to another refinery has commenced research. particularly in the skilled mechanical aids and Tanaka Nakamura odd years after re-joining his son, machinery and processed into refined Another important side of Perry rate of .1853, after the arrival of the black ship. known to the black ship was steam-driven pot island straight in the refining side is also ordered to increase the steam engine research projects. With further research, refining side and gradually assumed the telecommunications machines, ceramics, textiles, refined sugar, cameras and so on research projects. makes the refining side into a Set machinery manufacturing R & D consortium.
according to the records of ordinary people Sano, refining procedures within the party is generally straight from the Sano is in charge solely on the Fan Zhu, Ishiguro wide control of General responsible for the translation of books, in the village is responsible for drawing and principles of singular auxiliary section, and theoretical verification and research plan on file. the island rattan too fu and Shan Gu Yong Assistant is responsible for providing technical support. manufacture specific parts and assembly rely Tanaka long heavy father and son. have particular major projects to the Sano-led organizations all come together to study . can be said that refining a major achievement for each side, are related to the efforts of the six separated
Jay refining side of the first major achievement is the steam locomotive models. Although the Saga clan have long known of the steam engine things, but the steam engine as the most advanced science and technology. not so easy to manufacture. The refinery is the grassroots of the Founder, the main efforts are concentrated in the chemical experiment. The machinery of not much. things change occurred in the refining Fangcheng Li in the second year of .1853 on June 3. Perry rate of the black boat route, said the black boat to freedom so that the whole nation shocked. that almost the same time another group of Nagasaki to foreign aircraft becomes insignificant relative to the . But this route for the West to the technical development Saga fan has played a very big role, this time to Air is After leaving Edo, August 12, the Russian Far East Fleet, Lieutenant Commander Pu Jia Qin (Evfimii Vasilievich Putyatin) Upon the order of Tsar Nicholas I, rate of four warships visited Nagasaki. aim is ordered first asked the Russian Fleet, said the agreement In saying this supply, and to discuss the demarcation of the North Islands. also said the request to the founding of the trade. when Russia and Britain in the Crimean War, the Russian fleet in order to ensure free movement in the Far East, but also for suppression of the British forces in the Far East. So to the Russian Duma, said the fate Pujia piano. shogunate after visiting piano heard about Pujia, dispatched River Road, St. Jammu and Tsutsui Masanori discretionary special envoy to negotiate. Pujia Chin, submitted after the Tsar's credentials, In order to continue hunting and British warships at sea search and left. Before a voyage, Pu Jia Qin Fang Morohito shogunate invited to enter the number to visit the flagship Diana. said the board by staff of the Russian warship after all these things are, surprised. They are the Russian army surprised the priest Gongkanuofu (Ivan A. Goncharov) recorded in his later book, model and its use of the railway to say I was surprised. Gongkanuofu this record is: you can walk on the tracks themselves, one by one my mouth wide and stunned. in their country) been in such a steam locomotive, which is pure alcohol powered car, running like a fly. 280 from Moscow to St. Petersburg in the distance, even as many as 500 people, (as long as) such a car one day several will be able to state.
vines of the island and the village is too odd auxiliary husband is straight and upright Nabeshima come. as a fan guard Nagasaki, Saga fan the first time to know what Pujia the musical route, straight is immediately organized troops to Nagasaki. However, the straight is not to say that military action alone, as a fan of Western science, but also can look forward to a strong Western military help from the fan, direct from Russia is the natural person in order to get some information about the West. So he put the island rattan Qi Fu, and in the village too Auxiliary sent. going to let them take on board the opportunity to visit a good look at the Western armaments and invention, there is little clear difference Saga and the West. As Lapping Lan Xue Lan scholars, they also naturally will not miss this opportunity. walk on board when the husband of the island found a rifle cane too, I said this is the first time recognized the rifle. then when the Russians during a presentation, they also mixed in the crowd observed. Since take the machine to the two great shock. two people to be careful observations immediately. disembark back after they began drawing fan, and in the figure indicate the approximate data. In the picture still looks like the operation of steam locomotives. and explains to rely on alcohol-driven. then two straight is presented to the lord of steam maps, after reading straight after being filled with wonder. determined to build this thing, Bianxiang refining side order (made from refined Fang Fang independence at this time , directly under the feudal lord is straight.) require the construction of this thing. So tight refining side into their work, began full steam model construction.
benefit from the translation of Takeo and straight collar is my collection, refining side already The principle of steam organs have a certain understanding. with devil's in the village of Church secondary. Ishiguro translators have wide views, a long heavy mechanical genius father and son with the help of Tanaka. research very well. soon to map out the drawings of steam organ. But As the power of a backward country with limited fan in the country. Saga Fan advanced industrial countries that lack the necessary mechanical processing equipment. For example, Henry Maudslay】 【Mao Desi Lei bike bed and so on. All parts are required to do them one by one artisan . steam model making but also many failures. but after the lessons learned from the failures. models gradually consummate the .1854, the second coming of Perry Air. shogunate was forced to agree to sign peace treaty. Houpei Li negotiations the United States advanced to Exaggeration Technology, presented to the shogunate a lot of gifts, among them a large steam locomotive model (as opposed to the Russian Ministry that is, of course, model, large not go there. but the technology should be advanced, using coal power). Americans also made a general and shogun messenger live performances, said the news of sensation. everybody talk about Consideration should also create a steam locomotive models. lord of the command and the spirit of samurai-style self-refining side of the people to go all out. finally in 1855 a success. and was performing in front of the feudal lord (alcohol power) show a great success, pot Island was very satisfied until now, order portrait painting at the scene. thus leaving the situation of the steam locomotive model experiments only image data, also produces steam. Saga Fan refining side graphics.
This seems very simple in today's motorcycle model, at the time it is the most advanced technology representatives. more commendable is that this model is entirely dependent on the production of medieval-style manual pulley and awl (introduced in 1856, saying this was the first bicycle-bed hair Side Lei), alone skilled and talented artisans create. but only careful observation of the manufacturer only once. probably learned from the book The principle and structure. the rest of the net on their own imagination, combined with rigorous attitude. just three years has manufactured the most advanced technology products. and, in this model, all components required to operate a steam engine no shortage, and work properly. This is a very great technological progress. And this technological progress, is the refining side Saga fan of this indomitable spirit of the best portrayal of self-improvement. refining side of the knights (six Jie joined the refining Saga Fan Shige side after all, do not ask background) by virtue of this spirit, continue to create a miracle.
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Saga Fan steam locomotive model Another miracle is the creation of refined side steamboat. relative to the steam locomotive to flight after the Perry attention. steamboat at the outset is a key project. Bakumatsu period, the steamer is a symbol of national strength of that era. western countries are With the steam vessel to control the sea. and then the pounding waves of the country, saying this. As said, the first to open eyes to the world of the name. and is a blue school enthusiasts, the pot is already a dream island can direct steamer. British Opium War in particular, with Steamboat defeated the Qing Dynasty, it is better for straight is the desire of steamships. subject to many restrictions, however. Even the Western Sailing ships can only be manufactured for the old horse back to the ship for Saga Fan is a dream, not to mention a steam warship. things change occurred in September 1853. shogunate in order to enhance coastal defense, and others in the Shimadzu Nariakira the recommendation to cancel the ship can be made. Main cancel the ban began to direct the hearts of Mercedes-Benz is up. shogunate received the news of lifting the ban, until now the construction of the ship immediately began to organize manpower. strengthen the coastal. Saga fan since the cause of various items are to promote a smooth, suspended Yan Fang funded. The remaining problem is the facilities improvement and breakthrough technologies. First Direct was ordered to immediately create refining side of the steamboat steamboat model to prepare for the future. At the same time ordered the construction shipyard. In order to ship, you need to carry out various items business. Hence, we have a total charge to be responsible. until now has thought of his old ally, Mao Nabeshima Yi. then Nabeshima Yi was promoted to chief of Mao. Meanwhile, in order to fund the preparation and imports of Western steamboat machinery ( This is the actual shipping cost more expensive than the natural model is estimated directly is his thoughts, Nabeshima did not end), are ordered the establishment of direct substitutes as an external economic and trade side Explorer .1854 in December, triple-chun Yang Chuan Saga Fan Jigu are started. marked the official set foot on the ship Saga Fan Road.
even the British at the time, shipbuilding is not an easy undertaking. not to mention the huge technological gap between the Saga fan. alone old can only move around in a small river boat and horse back to the traditional offshore fishing technology, it is impossible to create Western-style large warships. So go hand in hand Saga Fan more than a strategy to take. First, the fan with a small model of the first technical demonstration and equipped with shipbuilding facilities, the organization translated foreign books. Second, while the technical demonstration. Fan inward foreign representations, the purchase of Western warships and related machinery. and then power from the most basic of sailing ship starts to imitate. Third, with the help and the shogunate intimate relationships, to send specialized personnel to study and learn the relevant shipbuilding technology. This three-pronged approach to the construction of steamships.
steam thanks to the experience of manufacturing, refining side has had in-depth understanding of the steam engine. by translation of foreign books and research. steamboat model made out soon. So refining side began to try to enlarge the model in the steam engine. Meanwhile, Saga fan fan who study organizational learning shipbuilding .1855, the shogunate was established long Kawasaki Navy the Taichung. but also with tourists before the pill as a teaching of the Nagasaki Naval Training Ship (Tourism pill is the acceptance in Nagasaki, Saga fan, who helped open the Saga fan go to Edo. Saga fan who was still On return to Nagasaki. Saga Fan to exercise a maritime technology), Saga fan once sent a large number of students. especially the United States to study groups, by the ordinary people Sano, vines on the island so the husband and Zhongmou field positions within the first class to help other fan orchid experts to learn. Saga Fan of students worked very hard, with year-round education in Hiromichi Museum in a short time to learn the basis of the relevant technology. that all fan eyebrows, and even pass along the official Dutch fan who regarded Saga as an example, the students work hard to criticize the shogunate. to pass along the end of 1859, all students are back-fan fan, while the instructors are ready to return to the Netherlands. to six months before returning to this time, students learn and pass on left Saga Fan CD The students have been still, who continue to study hard Saga fan, shipbuilding and marine technology, in which the best students is a pioneer in the future, saying the Navy Zhongmu field positions in support, he and several other Saga fan who does not rely entirely or even instructors Maritime Command and the solo, which makes the Netherlands the instructors are very surprised. the instructors returned, the shogunate and the Saga clan as a close relationship.'ll lend a Saga fan boat. Next Saga fan will continue to use the naval training ship . in the boat on the accumulation of a large number of valuable experience. On the other hand, the progress of negotiations purchased the ship very well, in 1857, Saga fan from the Netherlands purchased more than one masted schooner, named Fei pills. then the Jin Fei Wan plan to triple the replica ship. But Fei Wan is a dynamic sailing ship, not straight like the steam-powered ship is. So then continue straight and the Netherlands are negotiating to buy Steamboat matters. negotiations in the second year make progress, the Netherlands agrees to 10 million silver (Mexico silver) sell a fairly new steamships and related shipbuilding machinery. until the vessel is named the current pill. allocated to the triple-chun shipyard. command staff to observe the refining side Construction of the steam engine and the Netherlands to be generic. current pill to the refining side Morohito many in China. to design a small steam engine in the future take a lot of detours. to the availability of relevant knowledge, samples and preparation, Saga Fan Yang replica ship business was flourishing. Feiyun in the purchase of pills, the Saga clan in 1858 to create a Western-style sailboat successful Morrowind Maru. implements the ships from the river to the ocean-going vessels of the technological leap. Then in 1863, long re-Tanaka Can Jin in the triple (triple-chun, the sub-class Navy ship Navy with Liu, into the ship by boat, train with a training ground and steam canning equipment manufacturers to use the four components) to produce steam tank three. tested After its quality can catch up with Western goods. marks the passing of the steam tank vessels Saga fan, the practical power technology. after to 1865, triple-chun, the successful production of the steam ship power boat Ling-feng pills. realized from the wind steamships sailing to the technological leap. Saga Fan said the success so few became the world's ships can steam powered country.
Ling-feng pills, compared with the Western ships and still get a lot worse. It is a wooden boat not iron. and its only 10 horsepower steam engine. It is 18.2 meters long, 3.3 meters width. only now, as the size of fishing boats. However, it is still the practical steamboat. vassal than the other contemporary steamship, its steam engine work is very stable, continuous power output. And with the 1855 completion of the Satsuma clan vassal steamboat, the same 10 horsepower, but because the technology behind the ironwork, cylinder seal bad. Results leakage around gas. can only output 2-3 horsepower. is not yet a practical vessel. So good practical Ling-feng pill is a simple one, but still a success. It is a series of successful reform Saga fan symbol. In addition to self-construction vessels, Saga Fan also has purchased six decades, Meng, Gao, sickness, Qiufang, Golden, Shenxiao and various steam-powered ship at Road. These include wood (at Road and sickness), iron (Jiazi , Gao and Qiufang) and the steel frame wood (Meng and Shen Xiao). Three of these vessels for future technological breakthroughs Tianjin Shipyard has played a significant role. reformation, said the reason why the rapid shipbuilding technology, triple-chun, a shipyard the technology is absolutely the main. Tracing antedating are based on natural forest protection Saga Fan great achievements of reform can be achieved only as a basis.
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Ling-feng pills Figure
addition to Steamboat and the steam locomotive, refined side to the Village Church, led the research team also assisted successfully produced the first telecommunications unit said. Saga clan originated in the power of righteousness Nabeshima from motor .1770 Mao years, the Nabeshima Yi Mao in the interests purchased in Nagasaki from a friction motor. It sets the role of starting the motor at that time not widely Mao sense only as a collection of their admission. then refining Fangcheng Li, Mao-Yi put the motor from the donor to the refining side. in the Village Church auxiliary surprised after the trial. we began to study electricity into energy technologies. At that time, British Telecom has developed an early machine for the deployment of railway and communication. The picture is of specific principles and written in a technical book on the Netherlands, and later said the book introduced by the blue scholars translated Kawamoto Fortunately, the people named as book. in the Village Church auxiliary reading the book after the telecom unit became interested, and he began trying to make telecommunications machine .1857 year, the Village Church assisted the successful production of the said, the first telecommunications unit. The telecommunications unit and the associated boxes are stored in Saga Prefectural Museum. This machine actually Taiwanese telecom is not much use, and because of the battery source of difficulties in manufacturing came out, in fact, a long period of useless state. But the machine is still refining the telecommunications side of a great achievement. Because the telecommunications unit is entirely hand-made, but the accuracy of its internal components can with the volume of manufactured goods than the West. As a backward agricultural country, a small part, was able to create the most advanced countries in the West the most advanced technology something comparable products. It has to be said to be a miracle. to telecommunication machine, steam oven travel and reflection, represented by a series of advanced technological breakthrough demonstrates all of the technical people said, by his indomitable courage alone and Bushido-style self-improvement spirit, even now in various developing countries, who have this spirit is still very few. shows said the rise of the future, not by chance and luck. but with such a strong national spirit not separable.